Parts of the novel describe the opulence and parasitism of the nobility, in contrast to the poverty in which the people find themselves. In particular, Hugo emphasizes that English nobles are referred to as lords, which in the English language means not only "master" but also "Lord" in a religious sense, "God." Indeed, subjects in English are also defined as subjects, meaning "submissive," but also broadly "citizens," "people."
The protagonist is himself a nobleman, the son of a noble severely punished for being "democratic" and "republican," thus close to the suffering people. The author brings to the public's attention the struggle that actually occurred between nobles of high moral stature, who were close to the people, and conservative nobles who, during that historical period, oppressed the population to enjoy enormous privileges. (source: wiki)
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